Territories are increasingly affected by the urban heat island phenomenon, leading to a rise in temperatures within cities compared to neighboring rural areas. This phenomenon is strongly influenced by urban density and forms, as well as other parameters such as the rate of vegetation cover in the territory. The impacts on the population are significant: reduction of thermal comfort, increased energy and water consumption in summer for cooling, and public health risks.

Having a good understanding of the vulnerability of populations to heatwaves exacerbated by the urban heat island effect allows communities to implement mitigation strategies (greening, installing reflective coatings, promoting natural ventilation), thereby creating more resilient and liveable cities for citizens.